Can you tell guitar chords when listening to single notes?

[DCCougar]

Originally Posted by Rez

I mean when a riff or an arpeggio is playing in a song can you tell which chords are involved?

Well, the chords are the foundation that the riff sits in, so they should already be apparent. On the fifth bar of a 12-bar blues piece, you ought to be able to hear the change to the "IV" chord clear as a bell.

[Andyrondack]

Originally Posted by Rez

I mean when a riff or an arpeggio is playing in a song can you tell which chords are involved?

No but if I play along I can usually find the chord by listening to what harmonises with the recording and what does not.
To expand into the more philosophical dimensions of this question is interesting.
To be able to know by ear what chord is the basis of an arpegio requires the legendary super power of perfect pitch which few adults possess , it cannot be learned.
However there is a class of people who all possess this superpower and they are called babies, unfortunately they cannot tell you what the chord is called because they have not yet learned to speak beyond gurgling and farting. As their ability to use language evolves so the super power of perfect pitch vanishes. This is because perfect pitch hinders gaining an understanding that the same word uttered at different pitches carries the same meaning.
To understand that your mother is speaking the same language as your father requires developing the skills of relative pitch which is really the stuff of which music is made.
This inate skill which all adults posses can be improved and refined by practice and it is resonable to expect that with practice one can tell a minor arpegio from a major one or a major 7 th from a triad but for most of us it will never be possible to 'memorize' the sound of a C chord as opposed to a D chord .

[rick-slo]

Originally Posted by MartinGibsonFan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyad_(music)

Nope, by definition dyads are not chords. They are intervals though there are people that may refer to something like a fifth interval colloquially as a "power chord" that's a misnomer though a commonly understood one.

[The Bard Rocks]

I can read notation and play the chords that should be there (assuming that they are not shown elsewhere), and can do this in real time. It is not hard if you know what notes comprise the chords. It only sounds hard.

In jazz this kinda falls apart as they may play chords in which the needed note is not present.