As I recall, James May (one of the inventors of ToneDexter and its primary spokesman) has said that good results can be achieved with a wide variety of microphones.
But I also think he has said that small-diaphragm condensers seem to give the very best results, and he has mentioned the Shure SM81 as a particularly good choice on several occasions.
A brand-new Shure SM81 can be had on Amazon (and other places) for about $350. A good used one can be found on eBay for $150 or less, so I think it meets your criteria.
P.S. The Shure SM81 is a very popular studio mic for acoustic instruments.
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