I think the difference you would find between a $100 price and $300 price is going to be a little bit of workmanship and to some extent, a recognizable brand name. I don't think materials will be so different up to the point you are looking at.
One exception you may wish to consider, a guitar that has had plenty of respect shown to it regardless of its low price, and I'm talking about respect from owners of guitars worth multiple thousands of dollars, is the Seagull S-6, their original model. Even brand new, they are not that far removed from the price range you are looking at, but the value of what you get for your money would be excellent.
The Guitar Center near me sells them, so if you have a GC near you, it might be a good place to check one out. Ebay generally has some available used at reasonable prices.
Other than that, a good bet might also be some of the lower end Yamaha or Takamine guitars. Both brands have solid reputations.
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